Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) has been evaluated in breast cancer patients to identify those most likely to benefit from herceptin-targeted therapy. HER2 amplification, detected in 20-30% of invasive breast tumors, is associated with reduced survival and metastasis. The most frequently used technique for evaluating HER2 protein status as a routine procedure is immunohistochemistry (IHC). HER2 copy number alterations have also been evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in moderate immunoexpression (IHC 2+) cases. An alternative procedure to evaluate gene amplification is chromogenic in situhybridization (CISH), which has some advantages over FISH, including the correlation between HER2 status and morphological features. Other methodologies have also been used, such as silver-enhanced in situ hybridization (SISH) and quantitative real-time RT-PCR, to determine the number of HER2 gene copies and expression, respectively. Here we will present a short and comprehensive review of the current advances concerning HER2 evaluation in human breast cancer.

O experimento foi conduzido para testar a eficiência de dois alumino-silicatos, no controle da aflatoxicose em frangos de corte (machos). Foram efetuadas análises de sangue para verificação da influência da aflatoxina no perfil sanguíneo das aves. Os resultados mostraram efeito negativo (P<0,05) da aflatoxina no desempenho das aves no que se refere ao peso corporal, ganho de peso, consumo e conversão alimentares, quando comparados com o controle. Os níveis sanguíneos de proteína total se apresentaram reduzidos (P<0,05) e os da transaminase glutâmica oxalacética aumentados (P<0,05) em relação ao controle. Os níveis da fosfatase alcalina, tempo de protrombina, gama-ghitamil transferase, bilirrubina e da capacidade total de ligação do ferro não apresentaram diferenças significativas. Os alumino-silicatos não neutralizaram os efeitos da aflatoxina sobre as aves.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of two alumino-silicates against deleterious effects of a toxin on growth performance and blood parameters of male broilers. The products did not counteract the negative effects on growth performance. Total protein and gtotamic-oxalacetic transaminase in blood from birds fed contaminated and non contaminated rations, were negatively affected (P<0.05) by the toxin. Other parameters like alkaline phosphatase, prothrombin time, gamma glutamyl transferase, bilirubin and total iron binding capacity did not show significant differences when compared to the control.

Este trabalho teve o escopo de dar a público os resultados das análises efetuadas num total de 625 amostras de amendoim descascado, na sua maioria HPS ("hand pick selected"), durante os anos de 1988 (517) e 1989 (108). Considerando que a legislação brasileira permite um máximo de 30 /¼g/kg, somadas as aflatoxinas B1 e G1, os resultados mostraram que em 1988, 52% das amostras (correspondentes a lotes), estavam contaminadas e em 1989, 34%. Os níveis médios de aflatoxina nas amostras contaminadas foram de 13 3,8 ¼g/kg em 1988 e 414,8 ¼g/kg em 1989, que podem ser considerados elevados. O contingente de lotes utilizáveis pela indústria foi de 67% em 1988 e 76% em 1989 (correspondentes às amostras com níveis não detectáveis e abaixo de 30 ¼g/kg).

This paper reports the analysis of 625 samples of shelled peanuts, mostly hand pick selected (HPS), during the years of 1988 (517) and 1989 (108) . Considering that the Brazilian legislation permits a maximum of 30 ¼g/kg of aflatoxin B1+G1, the results showed that in 1988, 52% of the samples (mostly corresponding to lots) were contaminated and in 1989, 34%. The average level of aflatoxin (B1 + G1) in the contaminated samples were 133.8 ¼g/kg in 1988 and 414.8 ¼g/kg in 1989, which can be considered high. The amount of utilizable lots by the food industry, was 67% in 1988 and 76% in 1989 (corresponding to the samples with the levels: not detected and under 30 ¼g/kg).